ODS/12 - Consumo e produção responsáveis
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Objetivo: Assegurar padrões de produção e de consumo sustentáveis.
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Coleções desta Comunidade
- ODS/12 - Consumo e produção responsáveis
- ODS/12 - Consumo e produção responsáveis
- ODS/12 - Consumo e produção responsáveis
Submissões Recentes
Morphofunctional parameters, physical fitness and musculoskeletal symptoms in cooperative recyclers
(2023) GARCIA, R. C.; SANTOS, N. Q. dos; NASCIMENTO, D. E. do; ANTUNES, M. D.; KERBER, V. L.; BERTOLINI, S. M. M. G.
Introduction: Members of solid waste recycling cooperatives are exposed to serious conditions and complications in their everyday life, which makes them likely to present poor quality of life and unfavorable health conditions in their work environment. Objectives: To evaluate morphofunctional parameters, physical fitness, and musculoskeletal symptoms of workers at solid waste recycling cooperatives in Maringá, state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected from 60 cooperative members of both sexes linked to the Popular and Solidarity Recycling Association of Maringá. Participants underwent a medical screening at the cooperative, involving anamnesis, pulmonary and cardiac auscultation, and blood pressure measurement. In a second moment, they underwent physical assessment in the laboratory, using instruments for physical tests and questionnaires. Results: There was a predominance of females in the sample (54%), with a mean age of 41.82±12.03 years, and most participants did not practice physical activity (70%). With regard to body composition, women had the highest body mass index (28.29±6.61 kg/m2); as for the variables physical and aerobic fitness, men showed better scores than women (p < 0.05). In relation to musculoskeletal symptoms, most participants complained of lower back pain (56.66%). Conclusions: Although the results for anthropometric variables are within normal standards in most cooperative members, most of them present with musculoskeletal symptoms and do not practice physical activity, which can have negative implications in their health conditions in the medium and long term.
Engaging stakeholders to level up COPD care in LMICs: lessons learned from the ""Breathe Well"" programme in Brazil, China, Georgia, and North Macedonia
(2024) FERNANDES, Genevie; WILLIAMS, Sian; ADAB, Peymane; GALE, Nicola; JONG, Corina de; SOUSA, Jaime Correia de; CHENG, Kk; CHI, Chunhua; COOPER, Brendan G.; DICKENS, Andrew P.; ENOCSON, Alexandra; FARLEY, Amanda; JOLLY, Kate; JOWETT, Sue; MAGLAKELIDZE, Maka; MAGHLAKELIDZE, Tamaz; MARTINS, Sonia; SITCH, Alice; STAMENOVA, Aleksandra; STAVRIKJ, Katarina; STELMACH, Rafael; TURNER, Alice; PAN, Zihan; PANG, Hui; ZHANG, Jianxin; JORDAN, Rachel E.
BackgroundEffective stakeholder engagement in health research is increasingly being recognised and promoted as an important pathway to closing the gap between knowledge production and its use in health systems. However, little is known about its process and impacts, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. This opinion piece draws on the stakeholder engagement experiences from a global health research programme on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) led by clinician researchers in Brazil, China, Georgia and North Macedonia, and presents the process, outcomes and lessons learned.Main bodyEach country team was supported with an overarching engagement protocol and mentored to develop a tailored plan. Patient involvement in research was previously limited in all countries, requiring intensive efforts through personal communication, meetings, advisory groups and social media. Accredited training programmes were effective incentives for participation from healthcare providers; and aligning research findings with competing policy priorities enabled interest and dialogue with decision-makers. The COVID-19 pandemic severely limited possibilities for planned engagement, although remote methods were used where possible. Planned and persistent engagement contributed to shared knowledge and commitment to change, including raised patient and public awareness about COPD, improved skills and practice of healthcare providers, increased interest and support from clinical leaders, and dialogue for integrating COPD services into national policy and practice.ConclusionStakeholder engagement enabled relevant local actors to produce and utilise knowledge for small wins such as improving day-to-day practice and for long-term goals of equitable access to COPD care. For it to be successful and sustained, stakeholder engagement needs to be valued and integrated throughout the research and knowledge generation process, complete with dedicated resources, contextualised and flexible planning, and commitment.
Prevention of drug diversion and substance use disorders among anesthesiologists: a narrative review
(2023) FITZSIMONS, Michael G.; SOUSA, Gabriel Soares de; GALSTYAN, Arpine; QUINTAO, Vinicius Caldeira; SIMOES, Claudia Marquez
Diversion of substances from the care of the intended patient is a significant problem in healthcare. Patients are harmed by the undertreatment of pain and suffering, transmission of disease, as well as the risk associated with impaired vigilance. Healthcare providers may be harmed by the physical and mental impact of their addictions. Healthcare systems are placed in jeopardy by the legal impact associated with illegal routes of drug release including sanction and financial liability and loss of public trust. Healthcare institutions have implemented many measures to reduce diversion from the perioperative area. These efforts include education, medical record surveillance, automated medication dispensing systems, urine drug testing, substance waste management systems, and drug diversion prevention teams. This narrative review evaluates strengths, weaknesses, and effectiveness of these systems and provides recommendations for leaders and care providers. (c) 2023 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia.
Climate awareness, anxiety, and actions among youth: a qualitative study in a middle-income country
(2023) CHOU, Debora Tseng; NETO, Emilio Abelama; THOMAS, Isaiah; MARTIN, Andres; BENOIT, Laelia
Objectives: The impact of climate change on mental health is well established, but few studies have examined the perspectives of young people, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this qualitative study, we explored how Brazilian children and adolescents experience climate change. This approach can help inform environmental education, communication, and self-care strategies for this age group. Methods: We conducted focus groups with 50 children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years in three locations in Brazil. We analyzed the data using an interpretative phenomenological analysis framework. Results: We identified three profiles of involvement with climate change: unaware, disengaged, and engaged. Profiles were largely related to different socioeconomic contexts. We analyzed each profile across the dimensions of space, time, emotions, and actions. Adults were portrayed by participants as stubborn deniers, as neutral influences, or as role models of knowledge and engagement. Due to their age and developmental level, young children had distinctive perceptions of climate change. Conclusion: Spatial and temporal perceptions of climate change are a key element for experiencing and engaging with environmental concerns and vary according to age and socioeconomic differences. Effective communication to foster climate action at individual and collective levels requires narratives that reach different ages. Replication of these findings in other LMICs is warranted.
Life Cycle Assessment Applied to End-of-Life Scenarios of Sargassum spp. for Application in Civil Construction
(2023) BUENO, Cristiane; ROSSIGNOLO, Joao Adriano; GAVIOLI, Leticia Missiatto; SPOSITO, Camila Cassola Assuncao; TONIN, Fernando Gustavo; VERAS, Mariana Matera; MORAES, Maria Julia Bassan de; LYRA, Gabriela Pitolli
Environmental risks and vulnerabilities in coastal regions include the massive deposits of brown algae of the genus Sargassum in regions such as the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and northern Brazil. Efforts have been made to turn this problem into an opportunity by seeking new uses for this biomass in the sectors of food, agriculture, health, biofuels, bioremediation, and civil construction. Thus, this study aimed to produce quantitative data for different end-of-life scenarios of the Sargassum algae, seeking for potential applications of this macroalgae in the civil construction sector. For this purpose, we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) study of the Sargassum algae, in its natural destination, and evaluated its potential impact. This evaluation was then compared to the possible impacts of alternatives to their end of life, such as landfill disposal, drying and grinding to use as fibers or particles, burning the biomass to generate energy and fly ash, using a consequential LCA and the indicators of the ReCiPe 2016 method. For each of the proposed scenarios, the functional unit of 1 kg of the three types of unprocessed Sargassum algae that are found in the Brazilian deposits (natans I, natans VIII, and fluitans) was considered separately, and also for a composition that is closer to that found in the Brazilian deposits (50% fluitans, 15% natans I, and 35% natans VIII). The results for both natural decomposition scenarios demonstrated a dominant contribution to the categories of impact for climate change, marine eutrophication, and land use, thus justifying the search for new initiatives for the use of the algae. The burning process showed a significant contribution to most of the indicators, with emphasis on the massive generation of particulate, inherent to the biomass burning process; however, it showed a reduction in the magnitude of climate change emissions from around 47% to less than 2%. Finally, the proposed scenario of processing Sargassum biomass to obtain particles presented prevalence of magnitude for potential impact in most of the proposed indicators, due to the processes with high electricity consumption, but keeping climate change emissions' relative reduction from 47% to 6%. Thus, new studies may further investigate the potential of application of these materials in different products and components of civil construction.
Food consumption in Brazil: influence of beef on environmental impact and nutritional quality of the diet
(2022) GARZILLO, Josefa Maria Fellegger; POLI, Vanessa Fadanelli Schoenardie; LEITE, Fernanda Helena Marrocos; STEELE, Euridice Martinez; MACHADO, Priscila Pereira; LOUZADA, Maria Laura da Costa; LEVY, Renata Bertazzi; MONTEIRO, Carlos Augusto
OBJECTIVE: To estimate beef consumption and its influence on carbon and water footprints, as well as to improve the nutritional quality of the Brazilian diet.METHODS: The amount of beef and other foods consumed was evaluated by two 24-hour food records in a representative sample of the Brazilian population >= 10 years of age (n = 32,853) from 2008 to 2009. The environmental impact of the diet considered the coefficients of the carbon footprint (gCO2and/kg) and the water footprint (liters/kg) of the foods, as well as their nutritional quality considering the nutrient composition of each food associated with the prevention of nutritional deficiencies or the increase/decrease in chronic disease risk. Linear and logistic regression models, crude and adjusted for sex, age, education, income, region, and area, were used to respectively study the association of fifths of the caloric contribution of beef with the environmental impacts of the diet and inadequate nutrient intake.RESULTS: Carbon and water footprints and protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, saturated fat, and sodium contents were higher in the fraction of the diet composed of beef, whereas fiber and added sugar contents were higher in the fraction composed by the other foods. Dietary beef contribution was directly associated with the carbon and water footprints of the diet and the risk of saturated fat and sodium excess, besides fiber insufficiency, inversely associated with the risk of protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 insufficiency.CONCLUSION: Reducing beef consumption in Brazil would also reduce the carbon and water footprints of the diet, as well as the risk of chronic diseases related to food. Therefore, in order not to increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies, monitoring the increased intake of other foods rich in protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 is suggested.
Experimental Study of Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valves
(2022) SALES, Eraldo; MAZZETTO, M.; BACHT, S.; CESTARI, I. A.
Biological or mechanical heart valve prostheses are used as a treatment to replace failing native heart valves. The goal of this study is to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of small sizes bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHVs) considering their use to control flow direction on a pulsatile pediatric ventricular assist device (VAD) [1]. Small size BMHVs of 17, 19 mm were tested in vitro and compared to 23 mm prosthesis. Each prosthesis was placed on a pulse duplicator (4-90 bpm, 2.0-4.0 L/min flow range) and pressure and flow signals were recorded to determine pressure gradient, flow regurgitation and effective orifice area (EOA). Pressure gradients (maximum/minimum; mmHg) were (12.2/8.5), (8.4/6.3) and (8.2/5.8), for 17, 19 and 23-mm, respectively. Valve effective orifice areas (maximum/minimum; cm 2 ) were (1.05/1.02), (1.37/1.24) and (1.55/1.35) for 17, 19 and 23-mm sizes, respectively. The regurgitation fractions (maximum/minimum; %) obtained were (6.91/5.29), (10.47/6.08), and (14.63/10.04), for 17, 19 and 23-mm sizes, respectively. The results suggest that the mechanical valves have adequate performance according to the requirements of the ISO 5840:2015 standards and that they can be used to effectively control flow direction on a pediatric pulsatile ventricular assist device.
Evaluation of IFN-gamma secretion after stimulation with C. neoformans and C. gattii antigens in individuals with frequent exposure to the fungus
(2022) MACIEL, Isabel Feitosa; FREITAS-XAVIER, Roseli Santos de; VICENTINI, Adriana Pardini; APOLIANO, Carlos Fernando; FERNANDES, Juliana Ruiz; DIAS, Alana dos Santos; GIMENES, Viviane Favero Mazo; BENARD, Gil; VASCONCELOS, Dewton Moraes
In this study we produced antigenic extracts from prototypical strains of C. neoformans (VNI-VNIV) and C. gattii (VGI-VGIV) and tested IFN-gamma secretion by Elispot. Antigens from the eight Cryptococcus molecular types (VNI -VNIV and VGI - VGIV) were obtained after capsule reduction. IFN-gamma secretion by Elispot method were stimulated with C. neoformans and C. gattii antigens. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of fourteen healthy control subjects, being: five ecotourists, two mycologists, three poultry keepers, and four individuals without reports of exposure to the fungus. We observed a significant increase in IFN-gamma secretion in the group of ecotourists, mycologists and bird keepers in relation to the group of individuals without reports of occupational exposures to these agents. Our results suggest the significant increase in IFN-gamma secretion may be related to the continuous exposure of these groups of individuals to the fungus, as well as to the specific antigen memory immune response developed during exposure to Cryptococcus.
Ultra-processed food intake and diet carbon and water footprints: a national study in Brazil
(2022) GARZILLO, Josefa Maria Fellegger; POLI, Vanessa Fadanelli Schoenardie; LEITE, Fernanda Helena Marrocos; STEELE, Euridice Martinez; MACHADO, Priscila Pereira; LOUZADA, Maria Laura da Costa; LEVY, Renata Bertazzi; MONTEIRO, Carlos Augusto
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between ultra-processed food consumption and carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis on data collected in 2008-2009 on a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years (n = 32,886). Individual food intake was assessed using two 24-hour food records, on non-consecutive days. The environmental impact of individual diets was calculated by multiplying the amount of each food by coefficients that quantify the atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent (carbon footprint) and freshwater use in liters (water footprint), both per gram or milliliter of food. The two coefficients consider the food life cycle 'from farm to fork.' Crude and adjusted linear regression models and tests for linear trends assessed the association between the ultraprocessed food contribution to total energy intake (quintiles) and the diet carbon and water footprints. Potential confounders included age, sex, education, income, and region. Total energy intake was assessed as a potential mediation variable. RESULTS: In the crude models, the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods was linearly associated with the carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. After adjustment for potential confounders, the association remained significant only regarding the diet water footprint, which increased by 10.1% between the lowest and highest quintile of the contribution of ultra-processed foods. Additional adjustment for total energy intake eliminated this association indicating that the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods increases the diet water footprint by increasing energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: The negative impact of ultra-processed foods on the diet water footprint, shown for the first time in this study, adds to the negative impacts of these foods, already demonstrated regarding dietary nutrient profiles and the risk for several chronic noncommunicable diseases. This reinforces the recommendation to avoid ultra-processed foods made in the official Brazilian Dietary Guidelines and increasingly in dietary guidelines of other countries.
Carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet
(2021) GARZILLO, Josefa Maria Fellegger; MACHADO, Priscila Pereira; LEITE, Fernanda Helena Marrocos; STEELE, Euridice Martinez; POLI, Vanessa Fadanelli Schoenardie; LOUZADA, Maria Laura da Costa; LEVY, Renata Bertazzi; MONTEIRO, Carlos Augusto
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet and of sociodemographic strata of this population. METHODS: Carbon footprint of the diet was estimated based on data from two 24-hour diet records, obtained in 2008 and 2009, from a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years and over (n = 34,003) and on environmental impact coefficients of food and culinary preparations consumed in Brazil (gCO2e/kg). Means with 95% confidence intervals of food consumption (kcal/person/day) and the carbon footprint of the diet (gCO2e/person/day and in gCO2e/2,000kcal) were calculated for the population as a whole and for strata according to sex, age, income, education, macro-regions and Federative Unit. Linear regression models were used to identify significant differences (p < 0.05) in the dietary carbon footprint of different sociodemographic strata. RESULTS: The average carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet was 4,489gCO2e/person/day. It was higher for males, for the age group from 20 to 49 years and for the North and Midwest regions, and tended to increase with income and education. The pattern of association of footprint with sociodemographic variables did not change substantially with adjustment for differences in the amount of food consumed, except for a reduction in the relative excess of the footprint among males and an increase in the relative excess of the footprint in the Midwest region. CONCLUSION: The carbon footprint of the Brazilian diet exceeds by about 30% the footprint of the human diet, which could simultaneously meet the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet and the global goal of containing the increase in the planet's average temperature. The pattern of association of this footprint with sociodemographic variables can help identify priority targets for public actions aimed at reducing the environmental impacts of food consumption in Brazil.