ODS/13 - Ação contra a mudança global do clima
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Objetivo: Tomar medidas urgentes para combater a mudança climática e seus impactos.
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Coleções desta Comunidade
- ODS/13 - Ação contra a mudança global do clima
- ODS/13 - Ação contra a mudança global do clima
- ODS/13 - Ação contra a mudança global do clima
Submissões Recentes
Rapid increase in the risk of heat-related mortality
(2023) LUTHI, Samuel; FAIRLESS, Christopher; FISCHER, Erich M.; SCOVRONICK, Noah; COELHO, Micheline De Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; GUO, Yue Leon; GUO, Yuming; HONDA, Yasushi; HUBER, Veronika; KYSELY, Jan; LAVIGNE, Eric; ROYE, Dominic; RYTI, Niilo; SILVA, Susana; URBAN, Ales; GASPARRINI, Antonio; BRESCH, David N.; VICEDO-CABRERA, Ana M.
Heat-related mortality has been identified as one of the key climate extremes posing a risk to human health. Current research focuses largely on how heat mortality increases with mean global temperature rise, but it is unclear how much climate change will increase the frequency and severity of extreme summer seasons with high impact on human health. In this probabilistic analysis, we combined empirical heat-mortality relationships for 748 locations from 47 countries with climate model large ensemble data to identify probable past and future highly impactful summer seasons. Across most locations, heat mortality counts of a 1-in-100 year season in the climate of 2000 would be expected once every ten to twenty years in the climate of 2020. These return periods are projected to further shorten under warming levels of 1.5 ? and 2 ?, where heat-mortality extremes of the past climate will eventually become commonplace if no adaptation occurs. Our findings highlight the urgent need for strong mitigation and adaptation to reduce impacts on human lives.
The World Organization of Family Doctors Air Health Train the Trainer Program: lessons learned and implications for planetary health education
(2023) MCGUSHIN, Alice; BARROS, Enrique Falceto de; FLOSS, Mayara; MOHAMMAD, Yousser; NDIKUM, Achiri E.; NGENDAHAYO, Christophe; ODUOR, Peter A.; SULTANA, Sadia; WONG, Rachel; ABELSOHN, Alan
The World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) Air Health Train the Trainer Program was a pilot educational programme that focused on a key aspect of planetary health: the intersection of air pollution, human health, and climate change. In this Viewpoint, we-the coordinators of the training programme and some of the most active trainers-briefly describe the programme and discuss implementation successes, challenges, and lessons learned, which relate to the creation and use of training materials appropriate for health professionals in low-income and middle-income countries, strategies to improve the retention of trainers to deliver activities in their communities, and the development of stronger networks and further tools to support trainers. These findings could be applied to future education and training programmes.
Commentaries on Viewpoint: Hoping for the best, prepared for the worst: can we perform remote data collection in sport sciences?
(2022) CARNEIRO, M. A. S.; NUNES, P. R. P.; COSTA, B.; CASTRO-E-SOUZA, P.; LIMA, L. A.; LISBOA, F.; OLIVEIRA, G.; KASSIANO, W.; CYRINO, E. S.; ORSATTI, F. L.
to the editor: Remote data collection (1) is of growing interest, especially in sport nutrition, whereby a specific diet and/or supplement is prescribed in conjunction with exercise training. Verifying adherence to prescribed interventions and estimation of dietary intake is paramount. Food diaries, dietary recall, and remote food photography methods (2) are already commonplace for monitoring dietary intake with the integration of training data (i.e., power output, heart rate) collected from online platforms (e.g., TrainingPeaks, Strava) connected to participants’ own sports equipment (3) permitting the estimation of daily energy expenditure remotely (4). Researchers may therefore bridge the gap between laboratory and techniques classically used in field situations without the need for expensive laboratory equipment. It may also facilitate greater participation and compliance. For example, in a study by Bennett et al. (3), 495 training sessions and 165 testing sessions were performed remotely by 55 participants within a 2-mo period of national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is important to ensure that standardization and quality control are maintained across all participants, by providing clear instructions and frequent contact points. Familiarization sessions should be scheduled and used to verify the reliability of procedures. It is also recommended that all training and dietary intake data be visually inspected (i.e., review raw data) to ensure that protocols are followed correctly. Finally, when additional metabolic or body composition measurement is required, we suggest combining online training and nutritional prescription with laboratory-based testing (5). At a time where we all need to reduce our carbon footprint, remote data collection appears more relevant than ever. © IMechE 2018.
Climate awareness, anxiety, and actions among youth: a qualitative study in a middle-income country
(2023) CHOU, Debora Tseng; NETO, Emilio Abelama; THOMAS, Isaiah; MARTIN, Andres; BENOIT, Laelia
Objectives: The impact of climate change on mental health is well established, but few studies have examined the perspectives of young people, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this qualitative study, we explored how Brazilian children and adolescents experience climate change. This approach can help inform environmental education, communication, and self-care strategies for this age group. Methods: We conducted focus groups with 50 children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years in three locations in Brazil. We analyzed the data using an interpretative phenomenological analysis framework. Results: We identified three profiles of involvement with climate change: unaware, disengaged, and engaged. Profiles were largely related to different socioeconomic contexts. We analyzed each profile across the dimensions of space, time, emotions, and actions. Adults were portrayed by participants as stubborn deniers, as neutral influences, or as role models of knowledge and engagement. Due to their age and developmental level, young children had distinctive perceptions of climate change. Conclusion: Spatial and temporal perceptions of climate change are a key element for experiencing and engaging with environmental concerns and vary according to age and socioeconomic differences. Effective communication to foster climate action at individual and collective levels requires narratives that reach different ages. Replication of these findings in other LMICs is warranted.
Life Cycle Assessment Applied to End-of-Life Scenarios of Sargassum spp. for Application in Civil Construction
(2023) BUENO, Cristiane; ROSSIGNOLO, Joao Adriano; GAVIOLI, Leticia Missiatto; SPOSITO, Camila Cassola Assuncao; TONIN, Fernando Gustavo; VERAS, Mariana Matera; MORAES, Maria Julia Bassan de; LYRA, Gabriela Pitolli
Environmental risks and vulnerabilities in coastal regions include the massive deposits of brown algae of the genus Sargassum in regions such as the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and northern Brazil. Efforts have been made to turn this problem into an opportunity by seeking new uses for this biomass in the sectors of food, agriculture, health, biofuels, bioremediation, and civil construction. Thus, this study aimed to produce quantitative data for different end-of-life scenarios of the Sargassum algae, seeking for potential applications of this macroalgae in the civil construction sector. For this purpose, we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) study of the Sargassum algae, in its natural destination, and evaluated its potential impact. This evaluation was then compared to the possible impacts of alternatives to their end of life, such as landfill disposal, drying and grinding to use as fibers or particles, burning the biomass to generate energy and fly ash, using a consequential LCA and the indicators of the ReCiPe 2016 method. For each of the proposed scenarios, the functional unit of 1 kg of the three types of unprocessed Sargassum algae that are found in the Brazilian deposits (natans I, natans VIII, and fluitans) was considered separately, and also for a composition that is closer to that found in the Brazilian deposits (50% fluitans, 15% natans I, and 35% natans VIII). The results for both natural decomposition scenarios demonstrated a dominant contribution to the categories of impact for climate change, marine eutrophication, and land use, thus justifying the search for new initiatives for the use of the algae. The burning process showed a significant contribution to most of the indicators, with emphasis on the massive generation of particulate, inherent to the biomass burning process; however, it showed a reduction in the magnitude of climate change emissions from around 47% to less than 2%. Finally, the proposed scenario of processing Sargassum biomass to obtain particles presented prevalence of magnitude for potential impact in most of the proposed indicators, due to the processes with high electricity consumption, but keeping climate change emissions' relative reduction from 47% to 6%. Thus, new studies may further investigate the potential of application of these materials in different products and components of civil construction.
Heat exposure and hospitalisation for epileptic seizures: A nationwide case-crossover study in Brazil
(2023) ZHANG, Yiwen; XU, Rongbin; YE, Tingting; YU, Wenhua; YU, Pei; CHEN, Zhuying; MAHENDRAN, Rahini; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; COEL, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; GUO, Yuming; LI, Shanshan
Climate change is increasing human exposure to heat, especially in tropical regions such as Brazil where temperature reaches up to 40 degrees C in summer. However, the association between heat exposure and epileptic seizures has not been well demonstrated in Brazil, where lifetime preva-lence of epilepsy can range from 11.9/1000 to 21/1000. We collected a total of 225,699 hospi-talisation records for epileptic seizures of 1816 municipalities in Brazil, during the hot season from 2000 to 2015, covering nearly 79% of the national population. We implemented a time -stratified case-crossover design combined with distributed lag model with further stratified in-vestigations regarding sex, age, socioeconomic status and region. We found temperature impact threshold was 26 degrees C in Brazil nationally. Every 1 degrees C increase from the threshold was associated with an overall 4.3% increased risk of hospitalisation for epileptic seizures on the current day of hospital admission and up to seven days before, which was most pronounced on the second-day exposure to heat. Females, individuals aged 20-30 and persons living in high-income or Southeast regions were more vulnerable. Our results highlight the enhanced risk of heat exposure for epi-lepsy patients and could contribute to epilepsy management, such as forecasting epileptic sei-zures. Multi-dimensional adaptive strategies were proposed, covering individual protection, occupational health surveillance, and urban planning management, aiming to reduce heat -induced hospitalisations for epilepsy, and be generalizable to other heat-related diseases.
Modification of temperature-related human mortality by area-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in Latin American cities
(2023) BAKHTSIYARAVA, Maryia; SCHINASI, Leah H.; SANCHEZ, Brisa N.; DRONOVA, Iryna; KEPHART, Josiah L.; JU, Yang; GOUVEIA, Nelson; CAIAFFA, Waleska Teixeira; O'NEILL, Marie S.; YAMADA, Goro; ARUNACHALAM, Sarav; DIEZ-ROUX, Ana V.; RODRIGUEZ, Daniel A.
Background: In Latin America, where climate change and rapid urbanization converge, non-optimal ambient temperatures contribute to excess mortality. However, little is known about area-level characteristics that confer vulnerability to temperature-related mortality. Objectives: Explore city-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with temperature-related mortality in Latin American cities. Methods: The dependent variables quantify city-specific associations between temperature and mortality: heatand cold-related excess death fractions (EDF, or percentages of total deaths attributed to cold/hot temperatures), and the relative mortality risk (RR) associated with 1 degrees C difference in temperature in 325 cities during 2002-2015. Random effects meta-regressions were used to investigate whether EDFs and RRs associated with heat and cold varied by city-level characteristics, including population size, population density, built-up area, age-standardized mortality rate, poverty, living conditions, educational attainment, income inequality, and residential segregation by education level. Results: We find limited effect modification of cold-related mortality by city-level demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and several unexpected associations for heat-related mortality. For example, cities in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of income inequality have all-age cold-related excess mortality that is, on average, 3.45 percentage points higher (95% CI: 0.33, 6.56). Higher poverty and higher segregation were also associated with higher cold EDF among those 65 and older. Large, densely populated cities, and cities with high levels of poverty and income inequality experience smaller heat EDFs compared to smaller and less densely populated cities, and cities with little poverty and income inequality. Discussion: Evidence of effect modification of cold-related mortality in Latin American cities was limited, and unexpected patterns of modification of heat-related mortality were observed. Socioeconomic deprivation may impact cold-related mortality, particularly among the elderly. The findings of higher levels of poverty and income inequality associated with lower heat-related mortality deserve further investigation given the increasing importance of urban adaptation to climate change.
Association Between Hydrological Conditions and Dengue Fever Incidence in Coastal Southeastern China From 2013 to 2019
(2023) LI, Chuanxi; WANG, Zhendong; YAN, Yu; QU, Yinan; HOU, Liangyu; LI, Yijie; CHU, Cordia; WOODWARD, Alistair; SCHIKOWSKI, Tamara; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; LIU, Qiyong; ZHAO, Qi; MA, Wei
IMPORTANCE Dengue fever is a climate-sensitive infectious disease. However, its association with local hydrological conditions and the role of city development remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between hydrological conditions and dengue fever incidence in China and to explore the modification role of city development in this association. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study collected data between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019, from 54 cities in 4 coastal provinces in southeast China. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was calculated from ambient temperature and precipitation, with SPEI thresholds of 2 for extreme wet conditions and -2 for extreme dry conditions. The SPEI-dengue fever incidence association was examined over a 6-month lag, and the modification roles of 5 city development dimensions were assessed. Data were analyzed in May 2022. EXPOSURES City-level monthly temperature, precipitation, SPEI, and annual city development indicators from 2013 to 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was city-level monthly dengue fever incidence. Spatiotemporal bayesian hierarchal models were used to examine the SPEI-dengue fever incidence association over a 6-month lag period. An interaction term between SPEI and each city development indicator was added into the model to assess the modification role of city development. RESULTS Included in the analysis were 70 006 dengue fever cases reported in 54 cities in 4 provinces in China from 2013 to 2019. Overall, a U-shaped cumulative curve was observed, with wet and dry conditions both associated with increased dengue fever risk. The relative risk [RR] peaked at a 1-month lag for extreme wet conditions (1.27; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.05-1.53) and at a 6-month lag for extreme dry conditions (1.63; 95% CrI, 1.29-2.05). The RRs of extreme wet and dry conditions were greater in areas with limited economic development, health care resources, and income per capita. Extreme dry conditions were higher and prolonged in areas with more green space per capita (RR, 1.84; 95% CrI, 1.37-2.46). Highly urbanized areas had a higher risk of dengue fever after extreme wet conditions (RR, 1.80; 95% CrI, 1.26-2.56), while less urbanized areas had the highest risk of dengue fever in extreme dry conditions (RR, 1.70; 95% CrI, 1.11-2.60). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study showed that extreme hydrological conditions were associated with increased dengue fever incidence within a 6-month lag period, with different dimensions of city development playing various modification roles in this association. These findings may help in developing climate change adaptation strategies and public health interventions against dengue fever.
Food consumption in Brazil: influence of beef on environmental impact and nutritional quality of the diet
(2022) GARZILLO, Josefa Maria Fellegger; POLI, Vanessa Fadanelli Schoenardie; LEITE, Fernanda Helena Marrocos; STEELE, Euridice Martinez; MACHADO, Priscila Pereira; LOUZADA, Maria Laura da Costa; LEVY, Renata Bertazzi; MONTEIRO, Carlos Augusto
OBJECTIVE: To estimate beef consumption and its influence on carbon and water footprints, as well as to improve the nutritional quality of the Brazilian diet.METHODS: The amount of beef and other foods consumed was evaluated by two 24-hour food records in a representative sample of the Brazilian population >= 10 years of age (n = 32,853) from 2008 to 2009. The environmental impact of the diet considered the coefficients of the carbon footprint (gCO2and/kg) and the water footprint (liters/kg) of the foods, as well as their nutritional quality considering the nutrient composition of each food associated with the prevention of nutritional deficiencies or the increase/decrease in chronic disease risk. Linear and logistic regression models, crude and adjusted for sex, age, education, income, region, and area, were used to respectively study the association of fifths of the caloric contribution of beef with the environmental impacts of the diet and inadequate nutrient intake.RESULTS: Carbon and water footprints and protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, saturated fat, and sodium contents were higher in the fraction of the diet composed of beef, whereas fiber and added sugar contents were higher in the fraction composed by the other foods. Dietary beef contribution was directly associated with the carbon and water footprints of the diet and the risk of saturated fat and sodium excess, besides fiber insufficiency, inversely associated with the risk of protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 insufficiency.CONCLUSION: Reducing beef consumption in Brazil would also reduce the carbon and water footprints of the diet, as well as the risk of chronic diseases related to food. Therefore, in order not to increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies, monitoring the increased intake of other foods rich in protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 is suggested.
Association between ambient temperature and hospitalization for renal diseases in Brazil during 2000-2015: A nationwide case-crossover study
(2022) WEN, Bo; XU, Rongbin; WU, Yao; COELHO, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; GUO, Yuming; LI, Shanshan
Background Climate change is increasing the risks of injuries, diseases, and deaths globally. However, the association between ambient temperature and renal diseases has not been fully characterized. This study aimed to quantify the risk and attributable burden for hospitalizations of renal diseases related to ambient temperature. Methods Daily hospital admission data from 1816 cities in Brazil were collected during 2000 and 2015. A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to evaluate the association between temperature and renal diseases. Relative risks (RRs), attributable fractions (AFs), and their confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the associations and attributable burden. Findings A total of 2,726,886 hospitalizations for renal diseases were recorded during the study period. For every (1) over barC increase in daily mean temperature, the estimated risk of hospitalization for renal diseases over lag 0-7 days increased by 0 center dot 9% (RR = 1 center dot 009, 95% CI: 1 center dot 008-1 center dot 010) at the national level. The associations between temperature and renal diseases were largest at lag 0 days but remained for lag 1-2 days. The risk was more prominent in females, children aged 0-4 years, and the elderly >= 80 years. 7 center dot 4% ( 95% CI: 5 center dot 2-9 center dot 6%) of hospitalizations for renal diseases could be attributable to the increase of temperature, equating to 202,093 (95% CI: 141,554- 260,594) cases. Interpretation This nationwide study provides robust evidence that more policies should be developed to prevent heat-related hospitalizations and mitigate climate change.