ODS/11 - Cidades e comunidades sustentáveis
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Objetivo: Tornar as cidades e os assentamentos humanos inclusivos, seguros, resilientes e sustentáveis.
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- ODS/11 - Cidades e comunidades sustentáveis
- ODS/11 - Cidades e comunidades sustentáveis
- ODS/11 - Cidades e comunidades sustentáveis
Submissões Recentes
Infrared Imaging of the Brain-Eyelid Thermal Tunnel: A Promising Method for Measuring Body Temperature in Afebrile Children
(2023) MENECK, F. De; SANTANA, V.; BRIOSCHI, G. C.; HADDAD, D. S.; NEVES, E. B.; FRANCO, M. D. C.; BRIOSCHI, M. L.
(1) Infrared thermography of the inner canthus of the eye has emerged as a promising tool for temperature screening and fever diagnosis. Its non-invasive nature lends itself well to mass screening in diverse settings such as schools, public transport, and healthcare facilities. Swift and accurate temperature assessment plays a pivotal role in the early identification of potential fever cases, facilitating timely isolation, testing, and treatment, thereby mitigating the risk of disease transmission. Nonetheless, the reliability of this approach in the pediatric population, especially when compared to conventional thermometry methods, remains unexplored. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the concordance between the temperature of the inner canthus of the eye (Tic,eye), referred to as the brain-eyelid thermal tunnel (BTT°), with axillary and tympanic methods in afebrile children. (2) Methods: A cohort of 36 children, matched in a 1:1 ratio for gender and age, underwent comprehensive assessments encompassing anthropometric data, blood pressure evaluations, axillary (Tax) and tympanic (Tty) temperature measurements, as well as BTT° infrared thermography. (3) Results: The findings revealed a high level of concordance among the tympanic, axillary, and BTT° measurement methods. Bland–Altman plots showed that the bias was minimal, and no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing BTT° with axillary (p = 0.136) and tympanic (p = 0.268) measurements. Passing–Bablok regression scatter plots further confirmed the agreement, aligning the fitted regression line closely with the identity line for both axillary versus BTT° and tympanic (Tty) versus BTT° comparisons. (4) Conclusions: This study holds significant implications for public health, especially in the context of infectious disease outbreaks such as COVID-19. BTT° infrared thermography of the inner canthus of the eye (Tic,eye) reliably measures body temperature in afebrile children in controlled settings; nevertheless, its practical application necessitates the adaptation of biothermodynamic parameters to accommodate diverse environmental conditions.
Morphofunctional parameters, physical fitness and musculoskeletal symptoms in cooperative recyclers
(2023) GARCIA, R. C.; SANTOS, N. Q. dos; NASCIMENTO, D. E. do; ANTUNES, M. D.; KERBER, V. L.; BERTOLINI, S. M. M. G.
Introduction: Members of solid waste recycling cooperatives are exposed to serious conditions and complications in their everyday life, which makes them likely to present poor quality of life and unfavorable health conditions in their work environment. Objectives: To evaluate morphofunctional parameters, physical fitness, and musculoskeletal symptoms of workers at solid waste recycling cooperatives in Maringá, state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected from 60 cooperative members of both sexes linked to the Popular and Solidarity Recycling Association of Maringá. Participants underwent a medical screening at the cooperative, involving anamnesis, pulmonary and cardiac auscultation, and blood pressure measurement. In a second moment, they underwent physical assessment in the laboratory, using instruments for physical tests and questionnaires. Results: There was a predominance of females in the sample (54%), with a mean age of 41.82±12.03 years, and most participants did not practice physical activity (70%). With regard to body composition, women had the highest body mass index (28.29±6.61 kg/m2); as for the variables physical and aerobic fitness, men showed better scores than women (p < 0.05). In relation to musculoskeletal symptoms, most participants complained of lower back pain (56.66%). Conclusions: Although the results for anthropometric variables are within normal standards in most cooperative members, most of them present with musculoskeletal symptoms and do not practice physical activity, which can have negative implications in their health conditions in the medium and long term.
Joint effect of heat and air pollution on mortality in 620 cities of 36 countries
(2023) STAFOGGIA, Massimo; MICHELOZZI, Paola; SCHNEIDER, Alexandra; ARMSTRONG, Ben; SCORTICHINI, Matteo; RAI, Masna; ACHILLEOS, Souzana; ALAHMAD, Barrak; ANALITIS, Antonis; ASTROM, Christofer; BELL, Michelle L.; CALLEJA, Neville; CARLSEN, Hanne Krage; CARRASCO, Gabriel; CAUCHI, John Paul; COELHO, Micheline D. S. Z. S.; CORREA, Patricia M.; DIAZ, Magali H.; ENTEZARI, Alireza; FORSBERG, Bertil; GARLAND, Rebecca M.; GUO, Yue Leon; GUO, Yuming; HASHIZUME, Masahiro; HOLOBACA, Iulian H.; INIGUEZ, Carmen; JAAKKOLA, Jouni J. K.; KAN, Haidong; KATSOUYANNI, Klea; KIM, Ho; KYSELY, Jan; LAVIGNE, Eric; LEE, Whanhee; LI, Shanshan; MAASIKMETS, Marek; MADUREIRA, Joana; MAYVANEH, Fatemeh; NG, Chris Fook Sheng; NUNES, Baltazar; ORRU, Hans; V, Nicolas Ortega; OSORIO, Samuel; PALOMARES, Alfonso D. L.; PAN, Shih-Chun; PASCAL, Mathilde; RAGETTLI, Martina S.; RAO, Shilpa; RAZ, Raanan; ROYE, Dominic; RYTI, Niilo; SALDIVA, Paulo H. N.; SAMOLI, Evangelia; SCHWARTZ, Joel; SCOVRONICK, Noah; SERA, Francesco; TOBIAS, Aurelio; TONG, Shilu; VALENCIA, Cesar D. L. C.; VICEDO-CABRERA, Ana Maria; URBAN, Ales; GASPARRINI, Antonio; BREITNER, Susanne; DONATO, Francesca K. de
Background: The epidemiological evidence on the interaction between heat and ambient air pollution on mor-tality is still inconsistent. Objectives: To investigate the interaction between heat and ambient air pollution on daily mortality in a large dataset of 620 cities from 36 countries. Methods: We used daily data on all-cause mortality, air temperature, particulate matter <= 10 mu m (PM10), PM <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) from 620 cities in 36 countries in the period 1995-2020. We restricted the analysis to the six consecutive warmest months in each city. City-specific data were analysed with over-dispersed Poisson regression models, followed by a multilevel random-effects meta-analysis. The joint association between air temperature and air pollutants was modelled with product terms between non-linear functions for air temperature and linear functions for air pollutants. Results: We analyzed 22,630,598 deaths. An increase in mean temperature from the 75th to the 99th percentile of city-specific distributions was associated with an average 8.9 % (95 % confidence interval: 7.1 %, 10.7 %) mortality increment, ranging between 5.3 % (3.8 %, 6.9 %) and 12.8 % (8.7 %, 17.0 %), when daily PM10 was equal to 10 or 90 mu g/m3, respectively. Corresponding estimates when daily O3 concentrations were 40 or 160 mu g/ m3 were 2.9 % (1.1 %, 4.7 %) and 12.5 % (6.9 %, 18.5 %), respectively. Similarly, a 10 mu g/m3 increment in PM10 was associated with a 0.54 % (0.10 %, 0.98 %) and 1.21 % (0.69 %, 1.72 %) increase in mortality when daily air temperature was set to the 1st and 99th city-specific percentiles, respectively. Corresponding mortality estimate for O3 across these temperature percentiles were 0.00 % (-0.44 %, 0.44 %) and 0.53 % (0.38 %, 0.68 %). Similar effect modification results, although slightly weaker, were found for PM2.5 and NO2. Conclusions: Suggestive evidence of effect modification between air temperature and air pollutants on mortality during the warm period was found in a global dataset of 620 cities.
Greenness and excess deaths from heat in 323 Latin American cities: Do associations vary according to climate zone or green space configuration?
(2023) SCHINASI, Leah H.; BAKHTSIYARAVA, Maryia; SANCHEZ, Brisa N.; KEPHART, Josiah L.; JU, Yang; ARUNACHALAM, Sarav; GOUVEIA, Nelson; CAIAFFA, Waleska Teixeira; O'NEILL, Marie S.; DRONOVA, Iryna; ROUX, Ana V. Diez; RODRIGUEZ, Daniel A.
Green vegetation may protect against heat-related death by improving thermal comfort. Few studies have investigated associations of green vegetation with heat-related mortality in Latin America or whether associations are modified by the spatial configuration of green vegetation. We used data from 323 Latin American cities and meta-regression models to estimate associations between city-level greenness, quantified using populationweighted normalized difference vegetation index values and modeled as three-level categorical terms, and excess deaths from heat (heat excess death fractions [heat EDFs]). Models were adjusted for city-level fine particulate matter concentration (PM2.5), social environment, and country group. In addition to estimating overall associations, we derived estimates of association stratified by green space clustering by including an interaction term between a green space clustering measure (dichotomized at the median of the distribution) and the three-level greenness variable. We stratified analyses by climate zone (arid vs. temperate and tropical combined). Among the 79 arid climate zone cities, those with moderate and high greenness levels had modestly lower heat EDFs compared to cities with the lowest greenness, although protective associations were more substantial in cities with moderate versus high greenness levels and confidence intervals (CI) crossed the null (Beta: -0.41, 95% CI: -1.06, 0.25; Beta -0.23, 95% CI: -0.95, 0.49, respectively). In 244 non-arid climate zone cities, associations were approximately null. We did not observe evidence of effect modification by green space clustering. Our results suggest that greenness may offer modest protection against heat-related mortality in arid climate zone Latin American cities.
Spatial data collection and qualification methods for urban parks in Brazilian capitals: An innovative roadmap
(2023) SLOVIC, Anne Dorothee; KANAI, Claudio; SALES, Denise Marques; ROCHA, Solimar Carnavalli; ANDRADE, Amanda Cristina de Souza; MARTINS, Lucas Soriano; COELHO, Debora Morais; FREITAS, Anderson; MORAN, Mika; MASCOLLI, Maria Antonietta; CAIAFFA, Waleska Teixeira; GOUVEIA, Nelson
Urban parks have been studied for their effects on health and the environment. Accessing park data from reliable and comparable sources remains challenging, reinforcing the importance of standardized search tools, notably in Latin America. We designed a systematized methodology to identify processes of accessing, collecting, verifying, and harmonizing urban park spatial data in all Brazilian capitals included in the Urban Health in Latin America (SALURBAL) project. We developed a research protocol using official and non-official sources combining the results of Google Maps (GMaps) points and OpenStreetMap (OSM) polygons-GMaps-OSM. Descriptive analyses included the frequency of the distribution of parks before and after harmonization stratified by data source. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess agreement in the area between official and GMaps-OSM data. Official data were obtained for 16 cities; for the remaining 11 capitals, we used GMaps-OSM. After verification and harmonization, 302 urban parks were obtained from official data and 128 from GMaps-OSM. In a sub-study of the 16 cities with official data (n = 302 parks), we simulated a collection of non-official data using GMaps-OSM and OSM only. From GMaps-OSM, we obtained 142 parks, and from OSM, 230 parks. Statistical analysis showed a better agreement between official data and OSM. After completing verification and harmonization, the complete dataset (official and GMaps-OSM) included 430 urban parks with a total area of 145.14 km(2). The mean number of parks across cities was 16, with a mean size area of 0.33 km(2). The median number of parks was nine, with a median area of 0.07 km(2). This study highlights the importance of creating mechanisms to access, collect, harmonize, and verify urban park data, which is essential for examining the impact of parks on health. It also stresses the importance of providing reliable urban park spatial data for city officials.
Acute and subchronic exposure to urban atmospheric pollutants aggravate acute respiratory failure in infants
(2023) NETO, Amanda Barbosa; FERRARO, Alexandre A.; VIEIRA, Sandra E.
Urban air pollution is a major factor that affects the respiratory health of children and adolescents. Less studied is exposure during the first two years of life. This study analyzed the influence of acute and subchronic exposure to urban air pollutants on the severity of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the first two years of life. This population-based study included 7364 infants hospitalized with ARF. Acute exposure was considered to have occurred 1, 3 and 7 days before hospitalization and subchronic exposure was considered the mean of the last 30 and 60 days. We found that for acute exposure, significant increases in days of hospitalization (LOS) occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (0.24), SO2 (6.64), and CO (1.86); lag 3 days for PM10 (0.30), PM2.5 (0.37), SO2 (10.8), and CO (0.71); and lag 7 days for NO2 (0.16), SO2 (5.07) and CO (0.87). Increases in the risk of death occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (1.06), SO2 (3.64), and CO (1.28); and lag 3 days for NO2 (1.04), SO2 (2.04), and CO (1.19). Subchronic exposures at 30 and 60 days occurred for SO2 (9.18, 3.77) and CO (6.53, 2.97), respectively. The associations were more pronounced with higher temperatures and lower relative humidity levels. We concluded that acute and subchronic exposure to higher atmospheric concentrations of all the pollutants studied were associated with greater severity of ARF. The greatest increases in LOS and risk of death occurred with hot and dry weather.
Tackling Urbanicity and Pollution in Mental Health Prevention Strategies
(2022) VENTRIGLIO, A.; CASTALDELLI-MAIA, J. M.; TORALES, J.; BERARDIS, D. De; BHUGRA, D.
Globalization in the last decades has led to an increase of exchanges through the globe and an expansion of global markets as well as an increase of levels of urbanization through the continents. In particular, urbanization includes environmental, social, and economic changes and factors that may affect the mental health of the general population. In fact, emerging evidence reports higher rates of mental disorders in the urban settings than in rural areas, and social disparities and insecurity may impact on the mental health of the weaker groups of society. Also, the lack of contact with nature in the city and higher levels of pollution are associated with a remarkable rate of psychological distress. Pollution, in particular, is tightly related to the level of industrialization and employment of technology. It has been demonstrated that environmental pollutants (e.g., air pollutants, noise, ionizing radiations, etc.) may impact directly or indirectly on mental health: there may be a direct biological consequence of pollution on the human central nervous system as well as a range of psychological stress generated by the lasting exposure to pollutant agents. This chapter reports emerging evidence regarding the impact of urbanicity and pollution on public mental health and suggests further research and action in order to develop strategies of prevention of mental illness due to the burden of global urbanization. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
International handbook of teaching and learning in health promotion: Practices and reflections from around the world
(2022)
This international handbook brings together researchers and teachers from 25 countries of the five continents to share their experiences of teaching health promotion in undergraduate and graduate courses related to different health professions. Chapter authors share teaching methodologies used in classes, discuss the competencies students need to learn and indicate research opportunities. Readers will be provided with real-world examples of empowering, participatory, holistic, intersectoral, equitable and sustainable teaching/learning strategies that aim to improve health and reduce health inequities. This handbook was edited by an editorial board formed by 12 members of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) from seven countries-Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, Taiwan and UK -, and includes 45 chapters organized in seven thematic sections, each one dedicated to a different aspect of the process of teaching and learning health promotion: The health promotion curriculum Making health promotion relevant to practice Pedagogies for health promotion Special topics for health promotion Health promotion assessment and quality assurance Health promotion as a transformational practice Students' reflections The International Handbook of Teaching and Learning in Health Promotion: Practices and Reflections from Around the World aims to encourage a dialogue between teaching and learning practices carried out locally and the possibilities of replicating these experiences globally, recognizing cultural differences and similarities. This handbook is intended for a wide range of readers, including education and training providers, health professionals and health care students. Due to its intersectoral and interdisciplinary approach, it will also be of interest to teachers and students in other fields of the Social Sciences, such as Urban Planning, Social Work, Public Policy, International Relations and Population Studies. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.
Introduction to the international handbook of teaching and learning in health promotion: What and for whom is it intended?
(2022) AKERMAN, M.; GERMANI, A. C. C. G.; BROUCKE, S.; CHIOU, S.-T.; FRACOLLI, L.; GENDRON, S.; LEVIN-ZAMIR, D.; MORGAINE, K.; NOGUEIRA, J. A. D.; OLIVEIRA, A. A. P.; ROCHA, D. G.; WILLS, J.
Publishers have many books on teaching and learning methods for health education/health promotion focusing on patients, families, and communities, or, more specifically, to develop needs and assessment capacity. We have not found any book specifically for lecturers teaching health promotion for undergraduate students or postgraduate studies in the courses of the health professions. This book is about teaching and learning health promotion in the health professions undergraduate and postgraduate courses as well as other professions. It is suitable for related fields as Architecture, Urban Planning, Social Protection, Public Policy, International Affairs, Demography, etc. This book intends to share analytically what teaching methodologies we university lecturers from different countries use in our health promotion classes and other educational scenarios. This book opens dialogue with faculty from five continents of the world (25 countries) who are authors of the chapters published here mediated by the 12 editors who are from Brazil, Belgium, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, the UK, and Taiwan. Readers will be provided with real-world examples of empowering, participatory, holistic, intersectoral, equitable, and sustainable teaching/learning strategies that aim to improve health and reduce health inequities. At the end of each chapter, you will find ""Take-Home Messages"" that reinforce the Handbook character and offer you six triggering questions for dialogue and reflection on the book's theme. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.
COVID-19 infection in nursing staff: A cohort study
(2023) NOGUEIRA, Lilia de Souza; POVEDA, Vanessa de Brito; LEMOS, Cassiane de Santana; BRUNA, Camila Quartim de Moraes; MOURA, Bruna Roberta Siqueira
AimThis study aims to identify the working conditions of Brazilian nursing professionals and the risk factors for these professionals to become infected by coronavirus disease. BackgroundUnderstanding the factors that affected nursing professionals during the pandemic can support better nursing management. DesignThis is a quantitative, cross-sectional survey study. MethodsData collection was carried out between February and March 2022 in Brazil. All nursing professionals registered in the national database received by e-mail the study instrument with the data collection variables: professionals' sociodemographic and comorbid, professional and institutional characteristics, and professionals' health conditions and disease-related aspects for COVID-19. ResultsFour thousand eight hundred sixty-two nursing professionals reported a lack of personal protective equipment for patient care, and 4424 were infected by coronavirus disease. The risk factors to become infected were having cardiovascular disease, being under 60 years of age, living in the northern region, using public transportation, working in a hospital, an emergency department or reference institution for COVID-19, living with an infected person and lack of respirators or waterproof aprons. ConclusionMultiple risk factors for infection with SARS-CoV-2 were demonstrated for the nursing professionals during the pandemic, highlighting current and future pandemics factors that are modifiable in a worthwhile time frame to minimize nurses' infection risks, such as inadequate working conditions associated with lack of essential personal protective equipment.