Livros e Capítulos de Livros - ODS/05
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A coleção de Livros e Capítulos de Livros reúne capítulos e resumos de obras produzidas por autores do complexo Hospital das Clínicas - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo.
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- Cancer Care Challenges for the LGBT Population in Brazil(2022) CRENITTE, M. R. F.; JUNIOR, A. L.; MELO, L. R. de; AVELINO-SILVA, T. J.Some improvements for the LGBT community have taken place in Brazil, such as the strengthening of progressive social movements and even the National Policy of Integral Healthcare for Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transsexuals, and Travestis (Travesti: Transfeminine person who identifies with a travesti gender identity, that has been marginalized throughout history. It is a predominantly Brazilian identity construction but is also found in other Latin American and European countries. As there is no consensus on the best translation of the term and its translation could sound pejorative, the authors of this chapter chose to keep its nomenclature in Portuguese. Travesti is not a pejorative term, and they want to be recognized as such by societys), in 2011. From there, it has been possible to consider public policies for caring for non-transmissible chronic diseases, such as cancer, and in barriers and inequalities in the access to the public healthcare system in the country. However, national healthcare has suffered ongoing budgetary cuts, stimulated by neoliberal policies, such as the constitutional amendment in 2016 that “froze” public investments for 20 years. Furthermore, our country has been the subject of worldwide scrutiny in view of escalating far-right conservative bids since the election of Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. The LGBT population already suffers with a lack of national data justifying the implementation of inclusive public policies, but in this context, it fears and dares to resist for the rights already fought for in the past. Thus, this chapter concerns the specificities of the Brazilian healthcare system and how the particulars that LGBT people face may interfere in the risk and follow-up of neoplasms. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases(2023) BELDA, W. Jr.The majority of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have no symptoms or only mild symptoms that may not be recognized as an STD. The most common conditions they cause are gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, syphilis, trichomoniasis, chancroid, genital herpes, genital warts, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and hepatitis B infection. Drug resistance is a major threat to reducing the impact of STDs worldwide. When used correctly and consistently, condoms offer one of the most effective methods of protection against STDs, including HIV. Female condoms are effective and safe, but are not used as widely as male condoms by national programs. This chapter presents the main aspects of a major problem for public health. Dermatology can be very important for the management and control of STDs. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
- The status of women: Brazil(2017) COUTO, M. C. P. de Paula; SACCO, A. M.; SOUZA, A. P. L. de; SANTOS, E. C.; WENDT, G. W.; HABIGZANG, L. F.; KOLLER, S. H.
- HIV-1 diversity in Brazil(2017) PESSôA, R.; SANABANI, S. S.Brazil is the largest and most populated country in South America. In fact, about 30% of the HIV-1 infected population of South and Central America and the Caribbean combined live in Brazil. This fact has epidemiologically significant consequences on the spread of HIV-1 infection and results in a different pattern of subtype frequencies in South America. The spread of HIV-1 subtypes is not only important, epidemiologically, for transmission routes, but can also be of significance in clinical settings. To gain some insight into HIV-1 diversity in Brazil, we reviewed the available molecular epidemiology data from published studies in the five geological regions of the country: north, northeast, center-west, southeast, and south. The overall results revealed a broad array of 27 genetically different HIV-1 variants consisting of five genuine subtypes, 11 circulating recombinant forms, and 11 variants with different recombinant profiles. Subtype B was dominant in all regions, followed by subclade F1 in the north, subtype C in the south, and BF1 recombinants in the northeast, center-west, and southeast regions. The elevated number of HIV-1 subtypes cocirculating as well as diverse recombinant viruses observed in this review is consistent with an old mature prior epidemic in Brazil and represents a tangible challenge for future vaccine development, as well as for the efficiency of antiretroviral treatment and diagnostic tests. © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017.