HIV-1 diversity in Brazil

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2017
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SPRINGER NEW YORK
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Pessôa, R.; Sanabani, S. S.. HIV-1 diversity in Brazil. In: . GLOBAL VIROLOGY II - HIV AND NEUROAIDS: SPRINGER NEW YORK, 2017. p.55-70.
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Brazil is the largest and most populated country in South America. In fact, about 30% of the HIV-1 infected population of South and Central America and the Caribbean combined live in Brazil. This fact has epidemiologically significant consequences on the spread of HIV-1 infection and results in a different pattern of subtype frequencies in South America. The spread of HIV-1 subtypes is not only important, epidemiologically, for transmission routes, but can also be of significance in clinical settings. To gain some insight into HIV-1 diversity in Brazil, we reviewed the available molecular epidemiology data from published studies in the five geological regions of the country: north, northeast, center-west, southeast, and south. The overall results revealed a broad array of 27 genetically different HIV-1 variants consisting of five genuine subtypes, 11 circulating recombinant forms, and 11 variants with different recombinant profiles. Subtype B was dominant in all regions, followed by subclade F1 in the north, subtype C in the south, and BF1 recombinants in the northeast, center-west, and southeast regions. The elevated number of HIV-1 subtypes cocirculating as well as diverse recombinant viruses observed in this review is consistent with an old mature prior epidemic in Brazil and represents a tangible challenge for future vaccine development, as well as for the efficiency of antiretroviral treatment and diagnostic tests. © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017.
Palavras-chave
Genetic diversity, HIV subtypes, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Molecular epidemiology, Recombinant forms
URI
https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/51243
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Coleções
Livros e Capítulos de Livros - HC/ICHC
Livros e Capítulos de Livros - LIM/03
Livros e Capítulos de Livros - ODS/03
Livros e Capítulos de Livros - ODS/05