ODS/17 - Parcerias e meios de implementação
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Objetivo: Reforçar os meios de implementação e revitalizar a parceria global para o desenvolvimento sustentável.
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Coleções desta Comunidade
- ODS/17 - Parcerias e meios de implementação
- ODS/17 - Parcerias e meios de implementação
- ODS/17 - Parcerias e meios de implementação
Submissões Recentes
The creation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children aged 0-3 years: combining subject matter expert judgements with big data
(2023) MCCRAY, Gareth; MCCOY, Dana; KARIGER, Patricia; JANUS, Magdalena; BLACK, Maureen M.; CHANG, Susan M.; TOFAIL, Fahmida; EEKHOUT, Iris; WALDMAN, Marcus; BUUREN, Stef van; KHANAM, Rasheda; SAZAWAL, Sunil; NIZAR, Ambreen; SCHOENBECK, Yvonne; ZONGO, Arsene; BRENTANI, Alexandra; ZHANG, Yunting; DUA, Tarun; CAVALLERA, Vanessa; RAIKES, Abbie; WEBER, Ann M.; BROMLEY, Kieran; BAQUI, Abdullah; DUTTA, Arunangshu; NISAR, Imran; DETMAR, Symone B.; ANAGO, Romuald; MERCADANTE, Pacifico; JIANG, Fan; KAUR, Raghbir; HEPWORTH, Katelyn; RUBIO-CODINA, Marta; KEMBOU, Samuel N.; AHMED, Salahuddin; LANCASTER, Gill A.; GLADSTONE, Melissa
IntroductionWith the ratification of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is an increased emphasis on early childhood development (ECD) and well-being. The WHO led Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) project aims to provide population and programmatic level measures of ECD for 0-3 years that are valid, reliable and have psychometrically stable performance across geographical, cultural and language contexts. This paper reports on the creation of two measures: (1) the GSED Short Form (GSED-SF)-a caregiver reported measure for population-evaluation-self-administered with no training required and (2) the GSED Long Form (GSED-LF)-a directly administered/observed measure for programmatic evaluation-administered by a trained professional.MethodsWe selected 807 psychometrically best-performing items using a Rasch measurement model from an ECD measurement databank which comprised 66 075 children assessed on 2211 items from 18 ECD measures in 32 countries. From 766 of these items, in-depth subject matter expert judgements were gathered to inform final item selection. Specifically collected were data on (1) conceptual matches between pairs of items originating from different measures, (2) developmental domain(s) measured by each item and (3) perceptions of feasibility of administration of each item in diverse contexts. Prototypes were finalised through a combination of psychometric performance evaluation and expert consensus to optimally identify items.ResultsWe created the GSED-SF (139 items) and GSED-LF (157 items) for tablet-based and paper-based assessments, with an optimal set of items that fit the Rasch model, met subject matter expert criteria, avoided conceptual overlap, covered multiple domains of child development and were feasible to implement across diverse settings.ConclusionsState-of-the-art quantitative and qualitative procedures were used to select of theoretically relevant and globally feasible items representing child development for children aged 0-3 years. GSED-SF and GSED-LF will be piloted and validated in children across diverse cultural, demographic, social and language contexts for global use.
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019 Update From the GBD 2019 Study
(2020) ROTH, Gregory A.; MENSAH, George A.; JOHNSON, Catherine O.; ADDOLORATO, Giovanni; AMMIRATI, Enrico; BADDOUR, Larry M.; BARENGO, Noel C.; BEATON, Andrea Z.; BENJAMIN, Emelia J.; BENZIGER, Catherine P.; BONNY, Aime; BRAUER, Michael; BRODMANN, Marianne; CAHILL, Thomas J.; CARAPETIS, Jonathan; CATAPANO, Alberico L.; CHUGH, Sumeet S.; COOPER, Leslie T.; CORESH, Josef; CRIQUI, Michael; DECLEENE, Nicole; EAGLE, Kim A.; EMMONS-BELL, Sophia; FEIGIN, Valery L.; FERNANDEZ-SOLA, Joaquim; FOWKES, Gerry; GAKIDOU, Emmanuela; GRUNDY, Scott M.; HE, Feng J.; HOWARD, George; HU, Frank; INKER, Lesley; KARTHIKEYAN, Ganesan; KASSEBAUM, Nicholas; KOROSHETZ, Walter; LAVIE, Carl; LLOYD-JONES, Donald; LU, Hong S.; MIRIJELLO, Antonio; TEMESGEN, Awoke Misganaw; MOKDAD, Ali; MORAN, Andrew E.; MUNTNER, Paul; NARULA, Jagat; NEAL, Bruce; NTSEKHE, Mpiko; OLIVEIRA, Glaucia Moraes de; OTTO, Catherine; OWOLABI, Mayowa; PRATT, Michael; RAJAGOPALAN, Sanjay; REITSMA, Marissa; RIBEIRO, Antonio Luiz P.; RIGOTTI, Nancy; RODGERS, Anthony; SABLE, Craig; SHAKIL, Saate; SLIWA-HAHNLE, Karen; STARK, Benjamin; SUNDSTROM, Johan; TIMPEL, Patrick; TLEYJEH, Imad M.; VALGIMIGLI, Marco; VOS, Theo; WHELTON, Paul K.; YACOUB, Magdi; ZUHLKE, Liesl; MURRAY, Christopher; FUSTER, Valentin
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases. (C) 2020 The Authors.
A task-shared, collaborative care psychosocial intervention for improving depressive symptomatology among older adults in a socioeconomically deprived area of Brazil (PROACTIVE): a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomised controlled trial
(2022) SCAZUFCA, Marcia; NAKAMURA, Carina A.; SEWARD, Nadine; MORENO-AGOSTINO, Dario; VEN, Pepijn van de; HOLLINGWORTH, William; PETERS, Tim J.; ARAYA, Ricardo
Background There is an urgent need to reduce the burden of depression among older adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a task-shared, collaborative care psychosocial intervention for improving recovery from depression in older adults in Brazil. Methods PROACTIVE was a pragmatic, two-ann, parallel-group, cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in Guarulhos, Brazil. Primary care clinics (clusters) were stratified by educational level and randomly allocated (1:1) to either enhanced usual care alone (control group) or to enhanced usual care plus the psychosocial intervention (intervention group), which involved a 17-week psychosocial programme based on psychoeducation and behavioural activation approaches. Individuals approached for the initial screening assessment were selected randomly from a list of individuals provided by the Health Secretariat of Guarulhos. Face-to-face baseline assessments were conducted among adults aged 60 years or older registered with one of the primary care clinics and identified with clinically significant depressive symptomatology (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] score >= 10). Community health workers delivered the programme through home sessions, supported by a dedicated tablet application. Masking of clinic staff and community health workers who delivered the intervention was not feasible; however, research assistants conducting recruitment and follow-up assessments were masked to trial allocation. The primary outcome was recovery from depression (PHQ-9 score <10) at 8-month follow-up. All primary analyses were performed by intention to treat with imputed data. Adaptations to the protocol were made due to the COVID-19 pandemic; recruitment and intervention home sessions were stopped, and follow-up assessments were conducted by telephone. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN57805470. Findings We identified 24 primary care clinics in Guarulhos that were willing to participate, of which 20 were randomly allocated to either the control group (ten [50%] clusters) or to the intervention group (ten [50%] clusters). The four remaining eligible clusters were kept as reserves. Between May 23, 2019, and Feb 21, 2020, 8146 individuals were assessed for eligibility, of whom 715 (8.8%) participants were recruited: 355 (49.7%) in the control group and 360 (50.3%) in the intervention group. 284 (80.0%) participants in the control group and 253 (70.3%) in the intervention group completed follow-up at 8 months. At 8-month follow-up, 158 (62.5%) participants in the intervention group showed recovery from depression (PHQ-9 score <10) compared with 125 (44.0%) in the control group (adjusted odds ratio 2.16 [95% CI 1.47-3.18]; p<0.0001). These findings were maintained in the complete case analysis. No adverse events related to the intervention were observed. Interpretation Although the COVID-19 pandemic altered delivery of the intervention, the low-intensity psychosocial intervention delivered mainly by non-mental health professionals was highly efficacious in improving recovery from depression in older adults in Brazil. Our results support a low-resource intervention that could be useful to reduce the treatment gap for depression among older people in other LMICs.