ODS/08 - Trabalho decente e crescimento econômico
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Objetivo: Promover o crescimento econômico sustentado, inclusivo e sustentável, emprego pleno e produtivo e trabalho decente para todas e todos.
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Coleções desta Comunidade
- ODS/08 - Trabalho decente e crescimento econômico
- ODS/08 - Trabalho decente e crescimento econômico
- ODS/08 - Trabalho decente e crescimento econômico
Submissões Recentes
Vocational Rehabilitation and Length of Stay at Work after Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Longitudinal Study in Brazil
(2023) MIRANDA, C. B. de; SILVA-JUNIOR, J. S.; GARCIA, K. K. S.; SOUSA, F. N. E. F. de; FISCHER, F. M.
Vocational rehabilitation is an intervention to enhance the return to work and improve quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate sociodemographic and occupational factors associated with the length of stay at work among workers with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) who had undergone rehabilitation through the Brazilian public social security system. This was a longitudinal study among 680 workers with histories of disability due to WRMDs who returned to the formal job market after vocational rehabilitation between 2014 and 2018. Survival analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing permanence in work. Job dismissal occurred for 29.26% of the workers. The average duration of employment after returning to the formal job position was 56 months. The following factors were associated with shorter length of employment: living in the southeastern region (HR: 2.78; 95% CI 1.12–6.91) or southern region (HR: 2.68; 95% CI 1.04–6.90) of Brazil; working in transportation, storage or postal services (HR: 2.57; 95% CI 1.07–6.17); or working in financial activities, insurance or related services (HR: 2.70; 95% CI 1.05–6.89). These findings may contribute to the discussion about prevention of disability and interventions to ensure health care for workers with WRMD disabilities who undergo rehabilitation.
Cancer mortality and premature deaths among hairdressers in Brazil
(2024) BURALLI, Rafael; RIBEIRO, Adeylson; CREMONESE, Cleber; VINEIS, Paolo; MEYER, Armando
Hairdresser is an occupation classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probably carcinogenic (Group 2A) for lung and bladder cancer, but evidence is accumulating on its association with other cancer types. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed to compare the cancer mortality and premature mortality between hairdressers and other workers in Brazil. Methods: In this exploratory study, information on deaths by selected cancers that occurred in Brazil, from 1996 to 2020, among workers aged 20-70y, with identified occupation was gathered from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Sociodemographic characteristics, sex-specific mortality ratio, and Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) were compared between hairdressers, service workers, and general workers. We used logistic regression models to estimate crude (ORC) and adjusted (ORADJ) odds ratios. Models were adjusted by age, educational level, and ethnicity. We also used Poisson regression models to compare the YPLL rates across the occupational groups. Results: From 1996 to 2020, 23 557 deaths occurred among hairdressers, 576 428 among service workers, and 13 332 996 among general workers in Brazil. Higher mortality ORs and YPLL were observed for several types of cancer among hairdressers, compared to service and general workers, especially for women. Hairdressers' mortality was significantly higher among whites, women, younger workers, and those who completed high school. Female hairdressers had significantly higher odds of dying from cancer of the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, and hematological systems, both in crude and adjusted models. For male hairdressers, higher odds were found only for urinary tract and bladder cancer, while other significant associations indicated lower mortality than the comparison groups. YPLL analyses revealed significant premature deaths among Brazilian hairdressers. In women, this was more evident among those who died of neoplasms of salivary glands, bones and articular cartilages, and acute lymphoid leukemia; in men, tongue, pharynx, and thyroid. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Brazilian female hairdressers are more likely to die from several cancers, with potential consequences on premature deaths. Causal associations to occupational risks, such as exposure to chemicals, should be investigated by observational epidemiologic studies. Meanwhile, it is important to promote public policies, regulations, and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) strategies to protect hairdressers' health, mitigate occupational risks, and ensure safe workplaces.
Air Pollution and Health - A Science-Policy Initiative
(2019) ANDRADE, Maria de Fatima; ARTAXO, Paulo; MIRAGLIA, Simone Georges El Khouri; GOUVEIA, Nelson; KRUPNICK, Alan J.; KRUTMANN, Jean; LANDRIGAN, Philip J.; LANGERMAN, Kristy; MAKONESE, Tafadzwa; MATHEE, Angela; PIKETH, Stuart; RITZ, Beate; SALDIVA, Paulo H. N.; SAMET, Jonathan; SCHIKOWSKI, Tamara; SCHNEIDER, Alexandra; SMITH, Kirk R.; TRAIDL-HOFFMANN, Claudia; WIEDENSOHLER, Alfred; WRIGHT, Caradee; BOYD, David Richard; FOLTESCU, Valentin; FULLER, Richard; JAROSINSKA, Dorota; MCGLADE, Jacqueline Myriam; SHINDELL, Drew; SCHEUENSTUHL, Marcos Cortesao Barnsley; BORIGHT, John P.; BULANI, Siyavuya; HAMBURG, Margaret; HAPPE, Kathrin; NISSEN, Jan; SCHEER, Isabel
Air pollution is a major, preventable and manageable threat to people's health, well-being and the fulfillment of sustainable development. Air pollution is estimated to contribute to at least 5 million premature deaths each year across the world. No one remains unaffected by dirty air, but the adverse impacts of air pollution fall most heavily upon vulnerable populations, such as children, women, and people living in poverty - groups to whom States have special obligations under international human rights law. The National Academies of Sciences and Medicine of South Africa, Brazil, Germany and the United States of America are calling upon government leaders, business and citizens to take urgent action on reducing air pollution throughout the world - to the benefit of human health and well-being, to the benefit of the environment and as a condition towards sustainable development. Air pollution is a cross-cutting aspect of many UN Sustainable Development Goals.
A concept for integrated care pathways for atopic dermatitis-A GA2LEN ADCARE initiative
(2023) ZUBERBIER, Torsten; LATIFF, Amir Abdul; AGGELIDIS, Xenofon; AUGUSTIN, Matthias; BALAN, Radu-Gheorghe; BANGERT, Christine; BECK, Lisa; BIEBER, Thomas; BERNSTEIN, Jonathan A.; COLILLA, Marta Bertolin; BERARDI, Alejandro; SERRA-BALDRICH, Esther; SIEMENS, Kristina; SMITH, Cathrine; STAUBACH, Petra; STEVANOVIC, Katarina; SU-KUCUK, Ozlem; SUSSMAN, Gordon; TAVECCHIO, Simona; MITREVSKA, Natasa Teovska; THACI, Diamant; TOUBI, Elias; TRAIDL-HOFFMANN, Claudia; TREUDLER, Regina; VADASZ, Zahava; HOFMAN, Ingrid van; VENTURA, Maria Teresa; WANG, Zhao; WERFEL, Thomas; WOLLENBERG, Andreas; YANG, Ariana; YEW, Yik Weng; ZHAO, Zuotao; ZWIENER, Ricardo; WORM, Margitta; BEDBROOK, Anna; BINDSLEV-JENSEN, Carsten; BOUSQUET, Jean; BRUIN-WELLER, Marjolein de; BRUSCKY, Dayanne; BUYUKTIRYAKI, Betul; CANONICA, Giorgio Walter; CASTRO, Carla; CHANTURIDZE, Natia; CHONG-NETO, Herberto Jose; CHU, Chia-Yu; CHULAROJANAMONTRI, Leena; CORK, Michael; CRIADO, Roberta F. J.; BARREDO, Laia Curto; CUSTOVIC, Adnan; DARSOW, Ulf; EMURLAI, Arben; PABLO, Ana de; GIACCO, Stefano Del; GIROLOMONI, Giampiero; JOVANOVA, Tanja Deleva; DELEURAN, Mette; DOULADIRIS, Nikolaos; DUARTE, Bruno; DUBAKIENE, Ruta; ELLER, Esben; ENGEL-YEGER, Batya; ENSINA, Luis Felipe; FILHO, Nelson Rosario; FLOHR, Carsten; FOMINA, Daria; FRANCUZIK, Wojciech; GALIMBERTI, Maria Laura; GIMENEZ-ARNAU, Ana M.; GODSE, Kiran; MORTZ, Charlotte Gotthard; GOTUA, Maia; HIDE, Michihiro; HOETZENECKER, Wolfram; HUNZELMANN, Nicolas; IRVINE, Alan; JACK, Carolyn; KANAVAROU, Ioanna; KATOH, Norito; KINACIYAN, Tamar; KOCATUERK, Emek; KULTHANAN, Kanokvalai; LAPEERE, Hilde; LAU, Susanne; NASTRI, Mariana Machado Forti; MAKRIS, Michael; MANSOUR, Eli; MARSLAND, Alexander; FELIX, Mara Morelo Rocha; CASTRO, Ana Paula Moschione; NETTIS, Eustachio; NICOLAS, J. F.; NOSBAUM, Audrey; ODEMYR, Mikaela; PAPAPOSTOLOU, Niki; PARISI, Claudio A. S.; PAUDEL, Sushil; PETER, Jonny; POKHAREL, Prakash; PUIG, Luis; QUINT, Tamara; RAMON, German Dario; REGATEIRO, Frederico; RICCI, Giampaolo; ROSARIO, Cristine; SACKESEN, Cansin; SCHMID-GRENDELMEIER, Peter
Introduction: The integrated care pathways for atopic dermatitis (AD-ICPs) aim to bridge the gap between existing AD treatment evidence-based guidelines and expert opinion based on daily practice by offering a structured multidisciplinary plan for patient management of AD. ICPs have the potential to enhance guideline recommendations by combining interventions and aspects from different guidelines, integrating quality assurance, and describing co-ordination of care. Most importantly, patients can enter the ICPs at any level depending on AD severity, resources available in their country, and economic factors such as differences in insurance reimbursement systems.Methods: The GA(2)LEN ADCARE network and partners as well as all stakeholders, abbreviated as the AD-ICPs working group, were involved in the discussion and preparation of the AD ICPs during a series of subgroup workshops and meetings in years 2020 and 2021, after which the document was circulated within all GAL(2)EN ADCARE centres.Results: The AD-ICPs outline the diagnostic procedures, possible co-morbidities, different available treatment options including differential approaches for the pediatric population, and the role of the pharmacists and other stakeholders, as well as remaining unmet needs in the management of AD.Conclusion: The AD-ICPs provide a multidisciplinary plan for improved diagnosis, treatment, and patient feedback in AD management, as well as addressing critical unmet needs, including improved access to care, training specialists, implementation of educational programs, assessment on the impact of climate change, and fostering a personalised treatment approach. By focusing on these key areas, the initiative aims to pave the way for a brighter future in the management of AD.
COVID-19 infection in nursing staff: A cohort study
(2023) NOGUEIRA, Lilia de Souza; POVEDA, Vanessa de Brito; LEMOS, Cassiane de Santana; BRUNA, Camila Quartim de Moraes; MOURA, Bruna Roberta Siqueira
AimThis study aims to identify the working conditions of Brazilian nursing professionals and the risk factors for these professionals to become infected by coronavirus disease. BackgroundUnderstanding the factors that affected nursing professionals during the pandemic can support better nursing management. DesignThis is a quantitative, cross-sectional survey study. MethodsData collection was carried out between February and March 2022 in Brazil. All nursing professionals registered in the national database received by e-mail the study instrument with the data collection variables: professionals' sociodemographic and comorbid, professional and institutional characteristics, and professionals' health conditions and disease-related aspects for COVID-19. ResultsFour thousand eight hundred sixty-two nursing professionals reported a lack of personal protective equipment for patient care, and 4424 were infected by coronavirus disease. The risk factors to become infected were having cardiovascular disease, being under 60 years of age, living in the northern region, using public transportation, working in a hospital, an emergency department or reference institution for COVID-19, living with an infected person and lack of respirators or waterproof aprons. ConclusionMultiple risk factors for infection with SARS-CoV-2 were demonstrated for the nursing professionals during the pandemic, highlighting current and future pandemics factors that are modifiable in a worthwhile time frame to minimize nurses' infection risks, such as inadequate working conditions associated with lack of essential personal protective equipment.
What happened to health labour markets during COVID-19? Insights from the analysis of cross-sectional survey data on the perceptions of medical doctors in Brazil
(2023) RUSSO, Giuliano; OLIVEIRA, Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves Luciano de; CASSENOTE, Alex J. Flores; SCHEFFER, Mario C.
ObjectivesTo examine physicians' perceptions of changing employment opportunities in Brazil, and gain an insight into labour markets in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) during the pandemic. Study designDescriptive and inferential analysis of a quantitative dataset from a representative cross-sectional survey of physicians of two Brazilian states. SettingsSao Paulo and Maranhao states in Brazil. ParticipantsRepresentative sample of 1183 physicians. Outcome measuresWe estimated prevalence and 95% CIs for physicians' perceptions of changes in demand and supply of doctors, as well as changes in prices of medical services for facilities of practice in the two states, stratified by public, private and dual-practice physicians. ResultsMost doctors reported increased job opportunities in the public sector (54.9%, 95% CI 52.0% to 57.7%), particularly in Maranhao state (65.0%, 95% CI 60.9% to 68.9%). For the private sector, increased opportunities were reported only in large private hospitals (46.7%, 95% CI 43.9% to 49.6%) but not in smaller clinics. We recorded perceptions of slight increases in availability of doctors in Maranhao, particularly in the public sector (51.4%, 95% CI 43.2% to 59.5%). Younger doctors recounted increased vacancies in the public sector (64%, 95% CI 58.1% to 68.1%), older doctors only in walk-in clinics in Maranhao (47.5%, 95% CI 39.9% to 55.1%). Those working directly with patients with COVID-19 saw opportunities in public hospitals (65%, 95% CI 62.3% to 68.4%) and in large private ones (55%, 95% CI 51.8% to 59.1%). ConclusionsOur findings hint that health labour markets in LMICs may not necessarily shrink during epidemics, and that impacts will depend on the balance of public and private services in national health systems.
Children and adolescents continue to be exposed to early work in Brazil
(2023) JR, Cassio de Mattos Dziabas; DIONIZIO, Barbara Silveira; VIANA, Ana Maiara; DELMONDES, Gyllyandeson de Araujo; AMORIM, Daniel Machado de; JR, Jose Oliveira de Amorim; LEITE, Loyze Petronio; NOGUEIRA, Matheus Figueiredo; MACEDO, Luis Fernando Reis; NETO, Modesto Leite Rolim
2 million children and adolescents between 11 and 19 years old have not yet finished basic education and had left school. The current Brazilian scenario reflects the reality in which these children and adolescents are inserted, without sufficient resources for the continuity of basic or elementary education, and often the parents' lack of income leads these young people to seek work, as can be seen in several capitals and inland cities: children selling food at traffic lights, bars, restaurants, and similar situations5. According to a study carried out by Abrinq Foundation (Fundacao Abrinq), in the last quarter of 2021, there were about 2.36 million adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years old in the labor market or looking for a job, of which 1.2 million were in child labor in disagreement with Brazilian legislation, including work similar to slavery, and activities harmful to health, development, and morality. & COPY; 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Perception of newly graduated physicians toward ethical education in medical schools: a Brazilian cross-sectional nationwide study
(2023) GAMEIRO, Gustavo Rosa; GAMEIRO, Giovana Rosa; MIOTTO, Bruno Alonso; GUILLOUX, Aline Gil Alves; CASSENOTE, Alex Jones Flores; SCHEFFER, Mario Cesar
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate fresh medical graduates' perceptions regarding the general aspects of ethics teaching in Brazilian medical schools.METHODS: A structured questionnaire was applied to 4,601 participants among the 16,323 physicians who registered in one of the 27 Regional Medical Councils of Brazil in 2015. Answers to four questions regarding general aspects of ethics education in medical school were analyzed. Sampling procedures involved two stratification variables: legal nature (public vs. private) of medical schools and monthly household income higher than 10 minimum wages.RESULTS: A large percentage of the participants had witnessed unethical behaviors during contact with patients (62.0%), toward coworkers (51.5%), and in relationships with patients' families (34.4%) over the course of their medical training. Even though most of the responders (72.0%) totally agreed that patient-physician relationship and humanities education were part of their medical school curriculum, important topics such as conflicts of interest and end-of-life education were not satisfactorily addressed in the participants' medical training. Statistically significant differences were found between the answers of public and private school graduates.CONCLUSION: Despite great efforts to improve medical ethics education, our findings suggest the persistence of deficits and inadequacies in the ethics training currently given in medical schools in Brazil. Further modifications in ethics training must be made to address the deficiencies shown in this study. This process should be accompanied by continuous evaluation.
Association Between Hydrological Conditions and Dengue Fever Incidence in Coastal Southeastern China From 2013 to 2019
(2023) LI, Chuanxi; WANG, Zhendong; YAN, Yu; QU, Yinan; HOU, Liangyu; LI, Yijie; CHU, Cordia; WOODWARD, Alistair; SCHIKOWSKI, Tamara; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; LIU, Qiyong; ZHAO, Qi; MA, Wei
IMPORTANCE Dengue fever is a climate-sensitive infectious disease. However, its association with local hydrological conditions and the role of city development remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between hydrological conditions and dengue fever incidence in China and to explore the modification role of city development in this association. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study collected data between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019, from 54 cities in 4 coastal provinces in southeast China. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was calculated from ambient temperature and precipitation, with SPEI thresholds of 2 for extreme wet conditions and -2 for extreme dry conditions. The SPEI-dengue fever incidence association was examined over a 6-month lag, and the modification roles of 5 city development dimensions were assessed. Data were analyzed in May 2022. EXPOSURES City-level monthly temperature, precipitation, SPEI, and annual city development indicators from 2013 to 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was city-level monthly dengue fever incidence. Spatiotemporal bayesian hierarchal models were used to examine the SPEI-dengue fever incidence association over a 6-month lag period. An interaction term between SPEI and each city development indicator was added into the model to assess the modification role of city development. RESULTS Included in the analysis were 70 006 dengue fever cases reported in 54 cities in 4 provinces in China from 2013 to 2019. Overall, a U-shaped cumulative curve was observed, with wet and dry conditions both associated with increased dengue fever risk. The relative risk [RR] peaked at a 1-month lag for extreme wet conditions (1.27; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.05-1.53) and at a 6-month lag for extreme dry conditions (1.63; 95% CrI, 1.29-2.05). The RRs of extreme wet and dry conditions were greater in areas with limited economic development, health care resources, and income per capita. Extreme dry conditions were higher and prolonged in areas with more green space per capita (RR, 1.84; 95% CrI, 1.37-2.46). Highly urbanized areas had a higher risk of dengue fever after extreme wet conditions (RR, 1.80; 95% CrI, 1.26-2.56), while less urbanized areas had the highest risk of dengue fever in extreme dry conditions (RR, 1.70; 95% CrI, 1.11-2.60). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study showed that extreme hydrological conditions were associated with increased dengue fever incidence within a 6-month lag period, with different dimensions of city development playing various modification roles in this association. These findings may help in developing climate change adaptation strategies and public health interventions against dengue fever.
Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to non-optimum temperatures in Brazil: A nationwide time-series study
(2023) WEN, Bo; ADEMI, Zanfina; WU, Yao; XU, Rongbin; YU, Pei; YE, Tingting; COELHO, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; GUO, Yuming; LI, Shanshan
Non-optimal temperatures are associated with premature deaths globally. However, the evidence is limited in low-and middle-income countries, and the productivity losses due to non-optimal temperatures have not been quantified. We aimed to estimate the work-related impacts and economic losses attributable to non-optimal temperatures in Brazil. We col-lected daily mortality data from 510 immediate regions in Brazil during 2000 and 2019. A two-stage time-series analysis was applied to evaluate the association between non-optimum temperatures and the Productivity-Adjusted Life-Years (PALYs) lost. The temperature-PALYs association was fitted for each location in the first stage and then we applied meta -analyses to obtain the national estimations. The attributable fraction (AF) of PALY lost due to ambient temperatures and the corresponding economic costs were calculated for different subgroups of the working-age population. A total of 3,629,661 of PALYs lost were attributed to non-optimal temperatures during 2000-2019 in Brazil, corresponding to 2.90 % (95 % CI: 1.82 %, 3.95 %) of the total PALYs lost. Non-optimal temperatures have led to US$104.86 billion (95 % CI: 65.95, 142.70) of economic costs related to PALYs lost and the economic burden was more substantial in males and the population aged 15-44 years. Higher risks of extreme cold temperatures were observed in the South region in Brazil while extreme hot temperatures were observed in the Central West and Northeast regions. In conclusion, non -optimal temperatures are associated with considerable labour losses as well as economic costs in Brazil. Tailored policies and adaptation strategies should be proposed to mitigate the impacts of non-optimal temperatures on the labour supply in a changing climate.