How Cool is That? The Effects of Menthol Mouth Rinsing on Exercise Capacity and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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dc.contributorSistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP
dc.contributor.authorGAVEL, Erica H.
dc.contributor.authorBARRETO, Gabriel
dc.contributor.authorHAWKE, Kierstyn V.
dc.contributor.authorSTELLINGWERFF, Trent
dc.contributor.authorJAMES, Lewis J.
dc.contributor.authorSAUNDERS, Bryan
dc.contributor.authorLOGAN-SPRENGER, Heather M.
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-05T19:36:36Z
dc.date.available2024-04-05T19:36:36Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractBackground Menthol (MEN) mouth rinsing (MR) has gained considerable interest in the athletic population for exercise performance; however, the overall magnitude of effect is unknown. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of menthol MEN MR and the impact it has on exercise capacity and performance. Methods Three databases were searched with articles screened according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Three-level meta-analyses were used to investigate the overall efficacy of MEN MR and the impact it has on exercise capacity and performance. Meta-regressions were then performed with 1) mean VO2(peak), 2) MEN swilling duration; 3) the MEN concentration of MR solution, 4) the number of executed swills throughout a single experiment, 5) the use of flavoured sweetened, non-caloric, or non-flavoured neutral solutions as controls, 6) mean environmental temperature at the time of exercise tests, and 7) exercise type as fixed factors to evaluate their influence on the effects of MEN MR. Results Ten MEN MR studies included sufficient information pertaining to MEN MR and exercise performance and capacity. MR with MEN resulted in no significant change in capacity and performance (SMD = 0.12; 95% CI - 0.08, 0.31; p = 0.23, n = 1, tau(2)1 < 0.0001, tau(2)2 = < 0.0001, I-2 = 0%). No significant influence was detected in meta-regressions for VO2(peak), (estimate: 0.03; df = 8; 95% CI - 0.03, 0.09; p = 0.27), swilling duration (5 vs. 10 s: 0.00; df = 16; 95% CI - 0.41, 0.41; p = 1.0), MEN concentration (low [0.01%] vs. high [0.1%]: - 0.08; df = 15; 95% CI - 0.49, 0.32; p = 0.67), number of swills (estimate: 0.02; df = 13; 95% CI - 0.05, 0.09; p = 0.56), the use of flavoured sweetener or non-caloric as control (non-flavoured vs. flavoured: 0.12; df = 16; 95% CI - 0.30, 0.55; p = 0.55) or mean room temperature during exercise tests (estimate: 0.01; df = 16; 95% CI - 0.02, 0.04; p = 0.62). Conclusion MEN MR did not significantly improve overall exercise capacity and performance, though those involved in endurance exercise may see benefits.eng
dc.description.indexPubMed
dc.description.indexScopus
dc.description.indexDimensions
dc.description.indexWoS
dc.description.sponsorshipMitacs
dc.identifier.citationSPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN, v.10, n.1, article ID 18, 14p, 2024
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s40798-024-00679-8
dc.identifier.eissn2198-9761
dc.identifier.issn2199-1170
dc.identifier.urihttps://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/59109
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSPRINGEReng
dc.relation.ispartofSports Medicine-Open
dc.rightsopenAccesseng
dc.rights.holderCopyright SPRINGEReng
dc.subjectMentholeng
dc.subjectMouth rinsingeng
dc.subjectExerciseeng
dc.subjectCapacityeng
dc.subjectPerformanceeng
dc.subject.otherrunning performanceeng
dc.subject.otherthermal sensationeng
dc.subject.otherheateng
dc.subject.otherconsensuseng
dc.subject.othertimeeng
dc.subject.wosSport Scienceseng
dc.titleHow Cool is That? The Effects of Menthol Mouth Rinsing on Exercise Capacity and Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysiseng
dc.typearticleeng
dc.type.categoryrevieweng
dc.type.versionpublishedVersioneng
dspace.entity.typePublication
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryInglaterra
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryCanadá
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryisoca
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryisogb
hcfmusp.author.externalGAVEL, Erica H.:Ontario Tech Univ, Fac Sci, Oshawa, ON, Canada
hcfmusp.author.externalBARRETO, Gabriel:Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med FMUSP, Ctr Lifestyle Med, Appl Physiol & Nutr Res Grp, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalHAWKE, Kierstyn V.:Ontario Tech Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Oshawa, ON, Canada
hcfmusp.author.externalSTELLINGWERFF, Trent:Canadian Sport Inst Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada; Univ Victoria, Exercise Sci Phys & Hlth Educ, Victoria, BC, Canada
hcfmusp.author.externalJAMES, Lewis J.:Loughborough Univ, Natl Ctr Sport & Exercise Med, Sch Sport Exercise & Hlth Sci, Loughborough, England
hcfmusp.author.externalLOGAN-SPRENGER, Heather M.:Ontario Tech Univ, Fac Sci, Oshawa, ON, Canada; Ontario Tech Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Oshawa, ON, Canada
hcfmusp.citation.scopus0
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcBRYAN SAUNDERS
hcfmusp.description.articlenumber18
hcfmusp.description.issue1
hcfmusp.description.volume10
hcfmusp.origemWOS
hcfmusp.origem.dimensionspub.1169029487
hcfmusp.origem.pubmed38381237
hcfmusp.origem.scopus2-s2.0-85185656132
hcfmusp.origem.wosWOS:001171721200001
hcfmusp.publisher.cityNEW YORKeng
hcfmusp.publisher.countryUNITED STATESeng
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